ePortfolio Ida Brandão
MEDIEVAL BOOKS IN EUROPE
Medieval books in Europe dating back to the 11th century were religious books copied in monasteries by monks.
OLDEST BOOK IN PORTUGAL
The oldest portuguese book is a religious book dating back to the XVyh century- SACRAMENTAL - and produced at the Monastery of Lorvão - https://ncultura.pt/sacramental-o-livro-mais-antigo-da-lingua-portuguesa-tem-528-anos/
The National Archive - Torre do Tombo - preserves the oldest documents in Portugal - http://antt.dglab.gov.pt/servicos/biblioteca-antt/ - usually made in parchment
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Testamento de D. Afonso II - parchment written in 1214 - https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testamento_de_Afonso_II
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“Notícia de Torto” - parchment written between 1211 and 1216 - https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not%C3%ADcia_de_torto
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“Notícia de fiadores” - parchment dating back to 1175 - https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not%C3%ADcia_de_Fiadores
BOOK OF HOURS
The book of hours is a Christian devotional book popular in the Middle Ages. It is the most common type of surviving medieval illuminated manuscript. Like every manuscript, each manuscript book of hours is unique in one way or another, but most contain a similar collection of texts, prayers and psalms, often with appropriate decorations, for Christian devotion. Illumination or decoration is minimal in many examples, often restricted to decorated capital letters at the start of psalms and other prayers, but books made for wealthy patrons may be extremely lavish, with full-page miniatures. Books of hours were usually written in Latin (the Latin name for them is horae), although there are many entirely or partially written in vernacular European languages, especially Dutch. The English term primer is usually now reserved for those books written in English. Tens of thousands of books of hours have survived to the present day, in libraries and private collections throughout the world.
The typical book of hours is an abbreviated form of the breviary which contained the Divine Office recited in monasteries. It was developed for lay people who wished to incorporate elements of monasticism into their devotional life. Reciting the hours typically centered upon the reading of a number of psalms and other prayers. A typical example contains the Calendar of Church feasts, extracts from the Four Gospels, the Mass readings for major feasts, the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the fifteen Psalms of Degrees, the seven Penitential Psalms, a Litany of Saints, an Office for the Dead and the Hours of the Cross[2]
Most 15th-century books of hours have these basic contents. The Marian prayers Obsecro te ("I beseech thee") and O Intemerata ("O undefiled one") were frequently added, as were devotions for use at Mass, and meditations on the Passion of Christ, among other optional texts. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_hours)
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Book of Hours of portuguese king D. Duarte (XV century) - https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livro_de_Horas_de_D._Duarte
